qq_plot

qq_plot(data=None, sample=None, *, x=None, y=None, distribution=None, dparams=None, quantiles=None, group=None, show_legend=None, marginal=None, color=None, fill=None, alpha=None, size=None, shape=None, line_color=None, line_size=None, linetype=None) → PlotSpec

Produce a Q-Q plot (quantile-quantile plot).

Supply the sample parameter to compare distribution of observations with a theoretical distribution (‘normal’ or as otherwise specified by the distribution parameter).

Alternatively, supply x and y parameters to compare the distribution of x with the distribution of y.

Parameters:

datadict or Pandas or Polars DataFrame

The data to be displayed.

samplestr

Name of variable specifying a vector of observations used for computing of “sample quantiles”. Use this parameter to produce a “sample vs. theoretical” Q-Q plot.

x, ystr

Names of variables specifying two vectors of observations used for computing of x and y “sample quantiles”. Use these two parameters to produce a “sample X vs. sample Y” Q-Q plot.

distribution{‘norm’, ‘uniform’, ‘t’, ‘gamma’, ‘exp’, ‘chi2’}, default=’norm’

Distribution function to use. Could be specified if sample is.

dparamslist

Additional parameters (of float type) passed on to distribution function. Could be specified if sample is. If distribution is ‘norm’ then dparams is a pair [mean, std] (=[0.0, 1.0] by default). If distribution is ‘uniform’ then dparams is a pair [a, b] (=[0.0, 1.0] by default). If distribution is ‘t’ then dparams is an integer number [d] (=[1] by default). If distribution is ‘gamma’ then dparams is a pair [alpha, beta] (=[1.0, 1.0] by default). If distribution is ‘exp’ then dparams is a float number [lambda] (=[1.0] by default). If distribution is ‘chi2’ then dparams is an integer number [k] (=[1] by default).

quantileslist, default=[0.25, 0.75]

Pair of quantiles to use when fitting the Q-Q line.

groupstr

Grouping parameter. If it is specified and color-parameters isn’t then different groups will has different colors.

show_legendbool, default=True

False - do not show legend.

marginalstr, default=’dens:tr’

Description of marginal layers packed to string value. Different marginals are separated by the ‘,’ char. Parameters of a marginal are separated by the ‘:’ char. First parameter of a marginal is a geometry name. Possible values: ‘dens’/’density’, ‘hist’/’histogram’, ‘box’/’boxplot’. Second parameter is a string specifying which sides of the plot the marginal layer will appear on. Possible values: ‘t’ (top), ‘b’ (bottom), ‘l’ (left), ‘r’ (right). Third parameter (optional) is size of marginal. To suppress marginals use marginal=’none’. Examples: “hist:tr:0.3”, “dens:tr,hist:bl”, “box : tr : .05, dens : bl”.

colorstr

Color of a points. For more info see Color and Fill.

fillstr

Color to paint shape’s inner points. Is applied only to the points of shapes having inner points. For more info see Color and Fill.

alphafloat, default=0.5

Transparency level of points. Accept values between 0 and 1.

sizefloat, default=3.0

Size of the points.

shapeint

Shape of the points, an integer from 0 to 25. For more info see Point Shapes.

line_colorstr, default=’#FF0000’

Color of the fitting line. For more info see Color and Fill.

line_sizefloat, default=0.75

Width of the fitting line.

linetypeint or str or list

Type of the fitting line. Accept codes or names (0 = ‘blank’, 1 = ‘solid’, 2 = ‘dashed’, 3 = ‘dotted’, 4 = ‘dotdash’, 5 = ‘longdash’, 6 = ‘twodash’), a hex string (up to 8 digits for dash-gap lengths), or a list pattern [offset, [dash, gap, …]] / [dash, gap, …]. For more info see Line Types.

Returns:

PlotSpec

Plot object specification.

Notes

The Q-Q plot is used for comparing two probability distributions (sample and theoretical or two sample) by plotting their quantiles against each other.

If the two distributions being compared are similar, the points in the Q-Q plot will approximately lie on the straight line.

---

To hide axis tooltips, set ‘blank’ or the result of element_blank() to the axis_tooltip, axis_tooltip_x or axis_tooltip_y parameter of the theme().

Examples

import numpy as np
from lets_plot.bistro.qq import qq_plot
from lets_plot import *
LetsPlot.setup_html()
n = 100
np.random.seed(42)
x = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
qq_plot(data={'x': x}, sample='x')

import numpy as np
from lets_plot.bistro.qq import qq_plot
from lets_plot import *
LetsPlot.setup_html()
n = 100
np.random.seed(42)
x = np.random.exponential(1, n)
qq_plot({'x': x}, 'x', \
        distribution='exp', quantiles=[0, .9], \
        color='black', line_size=.25)

import numpy as np
from lets_plot.bistro.qq import qq_plot
from lets_plot import *
LetsPlot.setup_html()
n = 100
np.random.seed(42)
data = {
    'x': np.random.normal(0, 1, n),
    'y': np.random.normal(1, 2, n),
    'g': np.random.choice(['a', 'b'], n),
}
qq_plot(data, x='x', y='y', group='g', \
        shape=21, alpha=.2, size=5, linetype=5)

import numpy as np
from lets_plot.bistro.qq import qq_plot
from lets_plot import *
LetsPlot.setup_html()
n = 150
np.random.seed(42)
data = {
    'x': np.random.normal(0, 5, n),
    'g': np.random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c'], n),
}
qq_plot(data, 'x', dparams=[0, 5], group='g', \
        line_color='black', line_size=.5) + \
    scale_color_brewer(type='qual', palette='Set1') + \
    facet_grid(x='g') + \
    coord_fixed() + \
    xlab("Norm distribution quantiles") + \
    ggtitle("Interaction of the qq_plot() with other layers") + \
    theme_classic()